A preposition is a word which is used before a noun or pronoun to show place, position, time or method.
Preposisi adalah kata yang digunakan sebelum kata benda atau kata ganti untuk menunjukkan tempat, posisi, waktu atau metode.
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Centuries
Abad
The Majapahit Kingdom reached its peak in the 14th century.
Kerajaan Majapahit mencapai puncak kejayaannya pada abad ke-14.
R.A. Kartini was born in the 19th century.
R.A. Kartini lahir pada abad ke-19.
Seasons
Musim
Many tourists visit Bali in the dry season.
Banyak wisatawan mengunjungi Bali pada musim kemarau.
Farmers start planting rice in the rainy season.
Petani mulai menanam padi pada musim hujan.
Years
Tahun
Indonesia declared its independence in 1945.
Indonesia mendeklarasikan kemerdekaannya pada tahun 1945.
The Borobudur Temple was restored in 1973.
Candi Borobudur dipugar pada tahun 1973.
Months
Bulan
The Indonesian Independence Day is celebrated in August.
Hari Kemerdekaan Indonesia dirayakan pada bulan Agustus.
The traditional Sekaten festival is usually held in November.
Festival tradisional Sekaten biasanya diadakan pada bulan November.
Parts of day
Bagian dari hari
People usually perform sholat ashar in the afternoon.
Orang-orang biasanya melakukan sholat ashar di sore hari.
Many Indonesians enjoy drinking coffee in the morning.
Banyak orang Indonesia yang gemar minum kopi di pagi hari.
Days
Hari
My dad always goes to the market on Sundays.
Ayah saya selalu pergi ke pasar pada hari Minggu.
Indonesian students wear batik uniforms on Wednesday.
Siswa-siswi Indonesia mengenakan seragam batik pada hari Rabu.
Dates
Tanggal
Indonesia proclaimed its independence on the 17th of August.
Indonesia memproklamasikan kemerdekaannya pada tanggal 17 Agustus.
National Education Day is celebrated on the second of May.
Hari Pendidikan Nasional dirayakan pada tanggal 2 Mei.
Particular days
Hari-hari tertentu
We eat ketupat and opor ayam on Lebaran day.
Kami makan ketupat dan opor ayam pada hari Lebaran.
Many people visit their ancestors' graves on Nyadran Day.
Banyak orang mengunjungi makam leluhur mereka pada hari Nyadran.
Clock time
Waktu jam
The adzan Maghrib is usually heard at 6PM in Indonesia.
Adzan Maghrib biasanya dikumandangkan pada pukul 6 sore di Indonesia.
My father drinks coffee at 5AM before going to the rice field.
Ayah saya minum kopi pada pukul 5 pagi sebelum pergi ke sawah.
Short and precise times
Waktu yang singkat dan tepat
at night, at noon, at lunchtime, at sunset
malam, siang, siang, saat matahari terbenam
People usually break their fast at sunset during Ramadan.
Orang-orang biasanya berbuka puasa saat matahari terbenam selama bulan Ramadan.
Students at pesantren gather for ngaji at night.
Para santri di pesantren berkumpul untuk ngaji di malam hari.
Let’s eat soto together at lunchtime.
Mari kita makan soto bersama saat makan siang.
The sun is very hot at noon, so people take a rest.
Matahari sangat terik di siang hari, jadi orang-orang beristirahat.
Room, town, country
Ruang, kota, negara
The students are praying in the mosque.
Para siswa sedang salat di masjid.
My uncle lives in Yogyakarta.
Paman saya tinggal di Yogyakarta.
Siti was born in Indonesia.
Siti lahir di Indonesia.
Car, taxi
Mobil, taksi
I left my batik scarf in the car.
Saya meninggalkan selendang batik saya di mobil.
I’m in the taxi on my way to Monas.
Saya sedang di taksi dalam perjalanan ke Monas.
Picture
Gambar
I can see Borobudur Temple in the picture.
Saya dapat melihat Candi Borobudur dalam gambar.
Who is the man wearing peci in the picture?
Siapakah pria yang mengenakan peci dalam gambar?
Book
Buku
I read about Gatotkaca in the book about Indonesian folklore.
Saya membaca tentang Gatotkaca dalam buku tentang cerita rakyat Indonesia.
There are many pantun and gurindam in the book Traditional Indonesian Poetry.
Ada banyak pantun dan gurindam dalam buku Puisi Tradisional Indonesia.
The World
Dunia
The Komodo dragon is the largest lizard in the world.
Komodo adalah kadal terbesar di dunia.
Rendang is one of the most delicious foods in the world.
Rendang adalah salah satu makanan terlezat di dunia.
Streets
Jalan
My house is on Malioboro Street.
Rumah saya di Jalan Malioboro.
The kids are playing on the street during Hari Kemerdekaan games.
Anak-anak bermain di jalan selama pertandingan Hari Kemerdekaan.
Islands
Pulau
He lives on Bali Island.
Dia tinggal di Pulau Bali.
There are not many people living on Komodo Island.
Tidak banyak orang yang tinggal di Pulau Komodo.
Surfaces
Permukaan
table, floor, wall
meja, lantai, dinding
My teacher put the wayang kulit on the table.
Guru saya meletakkan wayang kulit di atas meja.
Please put your sandal jepit on the floor before entering the mosque.
Silakan letakkan sandal jepit Anda di lantai sebelum memasuki masjid.
The batik painting on the wall is fantastic.
Lukisan batik di dinding itu fantastis.
A certain side
Sisi tertentu
left, right
kiri, kanan
The becak driver is standing on the right.
Penunggang becak berdiri di sebelah kanan.
The human heart is on the left side.
Jantung manusia ada di sebelah kiri.
Public transports
Angkutan umum
We’re on the angkot.
Kami naik angkot.
Please switch your phone to silent mode if you’re on a train to Yogyakarta.
Silakan alihkan telepon Anda ke mode senyap jika Anda naik kereta ke Yogyakarta.
TV, radio
TV, radio
I saw her yesterday on TV in a dangdut singing competition.
Saya melihatnya kemarin di TV dalam kompetisi menyanyi dangdut.
There have been lots of parcel advertisements on the radio these days.
Ada banyak iklan parsel di radio akhir-akhir ini.
For events
Untuk acara
My grandpa goes to bed at 9 PM after watching wayang kulit.
Kakek saya tidur jam 9 malam setelah menonton wayang kulit.
My mom starts cooking at 5 AM to prepare nasi uduk for breakfast.
Ibu saya mulai memasak jam 5 pagi untuk menyiapkan nasi uduk untuk sarapan.
At night, at noon, at lunchtime, at sunset
Malam, siang, siang, dan sore
Don’t stay up late at night during Ramadan so you can wake up for — sahur.
Jangan begadang di malam hari selama bulan Ramadan agar kamu bisa bangun untuk sahur.
See you at lunchtime at warung Padang!
Sampai jumpa di warung Padang saat makan siang!
Somewhere typical
Di suatu tempat yang biasa
I am at school, while my parents are at the rice field.
Saya di sekolah, sementara orang tua saya di sawah.
Jim is watching a Silat movie at the cinema.
Jim sedang menonton film silat di bioskop.
My brother is at the market buying tempe and vegetables.
Adik laki-laki saya di pasar membeli tempe dan sayur.
We met at the mosque for Taraweeh prayer.
Kami bertemu di masjid untuk salat Tarawih.
My uncle is at the beach fishing with his friends.
Paman saya di pantai memancing bersama teman-temannya.
At/toward the back of something/someone
Di belakang sesuatu/seseorang
There is a warung makan behind the mosque.
Ada warung makan di belakang masjid.
Can you see the sawah behind the house?
Bisakah kamu melihat sawah di belakang rumah?
The traditional gamelan instruments are stored behind the stage.
Alat gamelan tradisional disimpan di belakang panggung.
There is a keris display behind the glass case in the museum.
Ada pajangan keris di balik kotak kaca di museum.
The students are sitting behind the teacher during the wayang kulit — performance.
Para siswa duduk di belakang guru selama pertunjukan wayang kulit.
The opposite of behind
Kebalikan dari belakang
The ondel-ondel statue is in front of the city hall.
Patung ondel-ondel berada di depan balai kota.
The wayang kulit screen is in front of the dalang.
Layar wayang kulit berada di depan dalang.
The students are standing in front of the flagpole during the flag-raising ceremony.
Para pelajar berdiri di depan tiang bendera selama upacara pengibaran bendera.
The becak driver is waiting in front of the traditional market.
Penunggang becak menunggu di depan pasar tradisional.
A pedicab is parked in front of the mosque.
Becak diparkir di depan masjid.
Below the surface of something/
covered by something
Di bawah permukaan sesuatu/
tertutup sesuatu
The cat is sleeping under the angkringan table.
Kucing itu tidur di bawah meja angkringan.
There are some sandal jepit under the mosque’s shoe rack.
Ada beberapa sandal jepit di bawah rak sepatu masjid.
The wayang kulit puppets are stored under the wooden box.
Wayang kulit disimpan di bawah kotak kayu.
The kids are playing under the banyan tree in alun-alun.
Anak-anak bermain di bawah pohon beringin di alun-alun.
Some batik fabrics are kept under the glass table in the store.
Beberapa kain batik disimpan di bawah meja kaca di toko.
To a higher level than something/someone
(opposite with below)
Ke tingkat yang lebih tinggi daripada sesuatu/seseorang (berlawanan dengan di bawah)
The plane is flying above the temple.
Pesawat terbang di atas candi.
The smoke is rising above the mountain.
Asap mengepul di atas gunung.
The lamp is hanging above the table.
Lampu tergantung di atas meja.
The flag was raised above the school yard.
Bendera dikibarkan di atas halaman sekolah.
The wayang kulit puppets were placed above the stage.
Wayang kulit ditaruh di atas panggung.
From one side to the other side of something
Dari satu sisi ke sisi lain sesuatu
The buffalo is walking across the rice field.
Kerbau berjalan menyeberangi sawah.
The fisherman rowed his boat across the river.
Nelayan mendayung perahunya menyeberangi sungai.
The students ran across the schoolyard.
Para siswa berlari menyeberangi halaman sekolah.
The boy helped his grandma walk across the road.
Anak laki-laki itu membantu neneknya menyeberang jalan.
The bride and groom walked across the decorated bridge during the Sasirangan wedding ceremony in South Kalimantan.
Pengantin berjalan menyeberangi jembatan berhias selama upacara pernikahan Sasirangan di Kalimantan Selatan.
To a position in/inside something
Ke posisi di dalam/di dalam sesuatu
Throw the plastic bottle into the trash bin.
Buang botol plastik ke tempat sampah.
My little brother jumped into the swimming pool.
Adik laki-laki saya melompat ke kolam renang.
She put the rice into the rice cooker.
Dia menaruh nasi ke dalam penanak nasi.
The cat ran into the house when it started raining.
Kucing berlari ke dalam rumah saat hujan mulai turun.
He poured the tea into the glass.
Dia menuangkan teh ke dalam gelas.
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