Chapter 4. No Littering

Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to:

Setelah menyelesaikan bab ini, kamu diharapkan dapat:

Talk about past incidents or events.

Bicarakan tentang kejadian atau peristiwa masa lalu.

Make questions for a short interview about past incidents or events.

Buat pertanyaan untuk wawancara singkat tentang kejadian atau peristiwa masa lalu.

Identify the main idea and detailed information on a series of past incidents or events.

Identifikasi gagasan utama dan informasi terperinci tentang serangkaian kejadian atau peristiwa masa lalu.

Write a series of past events.

Tulis serangkaian kejadian masa lalu.

Reading Comprehension

Read the text Unique Fauna of Indonesia and answer the following questions based on the passage.

Write T (True) if the statement is correct and F (False) if it is incorrect.

Plastic waste disappears quickly after being thrown away. (___)

Some plastic trash flows through rivers and reaches the ocean. (___)

Plastic pollution only affects sea animals. (___)

Flooding can happen when plastic blocks drainage systems. (___)

Recycling plastic can help reduce pollution and prevent floods. (___)

Transcript:

The Journey of Plastic Waste

Every day, people throw away plastic bottles, food wrappers, and plastic bags. Some of this trash is not disposed of properly and ends up on the streets. When it rains, the wind and water carry the trash into rivers and drains.

As the trash flows through the river, it gathers more waste along the way. If no one removes it, the plastic will continue to move downstream, eventually reaching the ocean. There, it becomes a danger to marine life. Many sea animals mistake plastic for food and eat it, which can make them sick or even cause them to die.

But plastic waste does not only harm the ocean. In cities, when plastic clogs the drainage system, rainwater cannot flow properly. This often leads to floods, especially during heavy rain. Streets become covered with water, and people’s homes and businesses can be damaged.

To prevent this, people need to dispose of their waste properly. Small actions, like throwing trash into a bin and recycling plastic, can help protect rivers, oceans, and communities from pollution and flooding.

Acclaim

Action

According to

Annual

Approve

Association

Awareness

Back then

Beach

Behavior change

Bleed (bleeding)

Brownish

Campaigns

Cause

Clean up

Clear

Clogged

Collect

Come out

Contributor

Core

Damage

Dangerous

Decide (decided)

Decay

Describe

Discussion

Drain

Drive (drove)

Effect

Effectiveness

Education

Ecosystem

Elderly people

Encourage

Entangled

Environment

Evolution

Extract (extracted)

Firefighters

Flood

Garbage

Government

Growing

Gutters

Habit

Harm

Impact

Incident

Industrial waste

Interview

Invest (invested)

Island

Law

Latbed truck

Litter

Local councils

Marine life

Megaphones

Movement

Pengakuan

Tindakan

Menurut

Tiap tahun

Menyetujui

Keterkaitan/Hubungan

Kesadaran

Dahulu

Pantai

Perubahan perilaku

Berdarah

Kecoklatan

Kampanye

Penyebab

Membersihkan

Jelas

Tersumbat

Mengumpulkan

Datang

Penyumbang

Pokok/Inti

Kerusakan

Berbahaya

Memutuskan

Membusuk

Mendeskripsikan

Diskusi

Mengering

Mendorong

Akibat

Efektivitas

Pendidikan

Ekosistem

Orang tua

Mendorong/Mendukung

Terjerat

Lingkungan

Perkembangan

Menarik, mencabut

Pemadam kebakaran

Banjir

Sampah rumah tangga

Pemerintah

Tumbuh

Selokan/Parit

Kebiasaan

Merugikan

Dampak

Insiden

Limbah industri

Wawancara

Investasi (diinvestasikan)

Pulau

Hukum

Truk bak sampah

Sampah

Dewan lokal

Kehidupan laut

Megafon

Gerakan

Nearby town

News

Nostril

Ocean

One of the causes

Parasite

Past event

Pick up (picked up)

Pliers

Plastic bag

Plastic pollution

Plastic straw

Plastic waste

Pollution

Prevention

Problem

Protect

Question

Rain heavily

Rainwater

Reality

Realize (realized)

Recycling center

Reduce (reduced)

Report

Rescue

Responsibility

Retell

Reusable

River

Rubbish bin

Rubber boat

Save

Scientist

Sea animal

Sea lion

Show up (showed up)

Soldiers

Strength

Straw

Sustainable

Teenage years

Throw away

Throw into

Tirelessly

Tosser

Trash

Turtle

Under water

Urgency

Volunteer

Waste

Wildlife

Kota terdekat

Berita

Nostril

Laut

Salah satu penyebabnya

Parasit

Peristiwa lampau

Pengambilan (diambil)

Tang

Kantong plastik

Pencemaran plastik

Sedotan plastik

Sampah plastik

Pencemaran

Pencegahan

Masalah

Perlindungan

Pertanyaan

Hujan deras

Air hujan

Realitas

Realisasi (terwujud)

Pusat daur ulang

Kurangi (berkurang)

Laporkan

Penyelamatan

Tanggung jawab

Ceritakan kembali

Dapat digunakan kembali

Sungai

Tempat sampah

Perahu karet

Simpan

Ilmuwan

Hewan laut

Singa laut

Muncul (muncul)

Tentara

Kekuatan

Jerami

Berkelanjutan

Masa remaja

Buang saja

Buang ke dalam

Tanpa lelah

Pembuang sampah

Sampah

Penyu

Di bawah air

Urgensi

Sukarelawan

Sampah

Satwa Liar

Asking for Details About a Past Incident

Before discussing a past incident, we need to gather information by asking questions.

Sebelum membahas kejadian masa lalu, kita perlu mengumpulkan informasi dengan mengajukan pertanyaan.

Yes / No Questions 🔗

Yes / No Questions are used to ask whether something happened or not.

Pertanyaan Ya / Tidak digunakan untuk menanyakan apakah sesuatu terjadi atau tidak.

Yes / No Questions with Did (for sentences with a main verb)

Pertanyaan Ya/Tidak dengan Did (untuk kalimat dengan kata kerja utama)

This structure is used when there is a main verb in the sentence.

Struktur ini digunakan ketika ada kata kerja utama dalam kalimat.

Did + subject + base verb + ... ?

Example

Did you swim in the river?

Apakah kamu berenang di sungai?

Did people throw their trash into this river?

Apakah orang-orang membuang sampah mereka ke sungai ini?

Yes/No Questions with Was/Were

Pertanyaan Ya/Tidak dengan Was/Were

Use Was or Were when there is no main verb in the sentence.

Gunakan Was atau Were jika tidak ada kata kerja utama dalam kalimat.

Was is used for I, He, She, It.

Was digunakan untuk I, He, She, It.

Were is used for You, We, They.

Were digunakan untuk You, We, They.

Was/were + subject + ... ?

Example

Was the river this dirty back then?

Apakah sungainya sekotor itu saat itu?

Were there many children in the river?

Apakah ada banyak anak di sungai itu?

Wh-Questions 🔗

Wh-Questions are used when we want more specific details about a past event.

Pertanyaan Wh digunakan saat kita menginginkan detail yang lebih spesifik tentang suatu peristiwa lampau.

What

to ask for details about something.

untuk menanyakan rincian tentang sesuatu.

When

to ask about time.

untuk menanyakan tentang waktu.

Where

to ask about a place.

untuk menanyakan tentang suatu tempat.

Why

to ask for a reason.

untuk menanyakan alasan.

How

to ask about manner, condition, or process.

untuk menanyakan tentang cara, kondisi, atau proses.

Wh-Questions with Did

Pertanyaan Wh-dengan Did

When asking about past events with Wh-Questions, we often use did followed by the base form of the main verb.

Saat menanyakan tentang kejadian di masa lalu dengan Pertanyaan Wh, kita sering menggunakan did diikuti oleh bentuk dasar kata kerja utama.

Wh-Word + did + subject + base verb + ... ?

Example

What did the plastic trash do to the sea animals?

Apa yang dilakukan sampah plastik terhadap hewan laut?

How did it happen?

Bagaimana hal itu terjadi?

Wh-Questions with Was/Were

Pertanyaan Wh dengan Was/Were

Another way to ask about a past event is by using was or were (the past forms of to be).

Cara lain untuk menanyakan kejadian di masa lalu adalah dengan menggunakan was atau were (bentuk lampau dari to be).

These are used when there is no main verb in the question.

Pertanyaan ini digunakan ketika tidak ada kata kerja utama dalam pertanyaan.

Wh-Word + was/were + subject + ... ?

Example

How much plastic was there in the ocean?

Berapa banyak plastik yang ada di lautan?

Sequencing a Series of Past Events with When

When recounting past events, we often describe two or more incidents that happened at or around the same time. To logically connect and organize these events, we use when.

Saat menceritakan peristiwa masa lalu, kita sering menggambarkan dua atau lebih insiden yang terjadi pada atau sekitar waktu yang sama. Untuk menghubungkan dan mengatur peristiwa-peristiwa ini secara logis, kita menggunakan when.

We use ‘when’ to indicate that one event happened at the same time as or immediately after another event.

Kita menggunakan ‘when’ untuk menunjukkan bahwa satu peristiwa terjadi pada waktu yang sama dengan atau segera setelah peristiwa lain.

Main clause + when-clause

Example

Melati and Isabel decided to tackle plastic pollution when they were only 12 and 10 years old.

Melati dan Isabel memutuskan untuk mengatasi polusi plastik ketika mereka baru berusia 12 dan 10 tahun.

When-clause + main clause

*When the sentence starts with when, use a comma before the second part.

*Jika kalimat dimulai dengan when, gunakan koma sebelum bagian kedua.

Example

When Melati and Isabel decided to tackle plastic pollution, they were only 12 and 10 years old.

Saat Melati dan Isabel memutuskan untuk mengatasi polusi plastik, mereka baru berusia 12 dan 10 tahun.

When Pandawara cleaned the river, they helped prevent flooding.

Saat Pandawara membersihkan sungai, mereka membantu mencegah banjir.

Reading Comprehension -

Read the provided text about the Pandawara Group and answer the following questions based on the passage.

Pandawara Group

Pandawara Group is a team of five young men from Bandung, Indonesia, dedicated to cleaning up the environment. They are known for organizing large-scale clean-ups in highly polluted areas, such as rivers, beaches, and urban spaces. Through social media, they document their efforts to raise awareness about the dangers of littering and inspire thousands of volunteers to join their mission.

Their efforts have had a significant impact, especially in preventing floods caused by clogged drains and polluted waterways. By removing tons of plastic and other waste, they help improve drainage systems and reduce the risk of natural disasters in affected areas.

Pandawara’s movement has grown nationwide, proving that small actions can lead to big changes. Their story is a powerful example of how young people can take initiative and create real change, showing that environmental responsibility starts with individual effort.

Questions:

What motivated the Pandawara Group to organize environmental clean-ups?
What types of areas do they focus on cleaning?
How do they raise awareness about their mission?
What impact have their clean-up efforts had on the environment?
How has their movement inspired others in Indonesia?

Identifying Main Ideas

Search for a news article online about the effects of plastic pollution. Read the article carefully and summarize its key points. Then, answer the following questions based on the information you found.

Questions: