Chapter 4. Upcycling Used Materials

Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to:

Setelah menyelesaikan bab ini, kamu diharapkan dapat:

Talk about things by describing the materials and functions.

Membicarakan tentang hal -hal dengan menggambarkan materi dan fungsi.

Identify and categorize specific information about goods and their prices.

Mengidentifikasi dan mengkategorikan informasi spesifik tentang barang dan harganya.

Describe an object with specific characteristics and details.

Mendeskripsikan objek dengan karakteristik dan detail tertentu.

Adjective Order

When we want to describe a thing, we usually need adjectives. If more than an adjective is used, there is the order to put the adjectives.

Ketika kita ingin menjelaskan suatu hal, biasanya kita memerlukan kata sifat. Jika lebih dari satu kata sifat digunakan, berikut urutan penggunaan kata sifat tersebut.

Adjective Order 🔗

General Opinion

nice, beautiful, interesting, delicious

Specific Opinion

tasty (for food), talented (for people)

Size

small, large, tiny, huge

Shape

round, square, rectangular

Age

old, new, ancient, young

Color

red, blue, black

Nationality

Indonesian, Japanese, American

Material

wooden, plastic, metal

Example

A beautiful small round table.

Meja bundar kecil yang cantik.

A delicious big old pizza.

Pizza besar yang lezat.

A nice blue Indonesian batik shirt.

Kemeja batik biru Indonesia yang cantik.

Asking and Stating Prices

When we buy things, we often ask or say the price. We use this to know how much something costs or to tell someone the cost.

Ketika kita membeli sesuatu, kita sering menanyakan atau menyebutkan harganya. Kita menggunakan ini untuk mengetahui berapa harga sesuatu atau untuk memberi tahu seseorang harganya.

Example

Q : How much is it/the backpack/the book?

J : Berapa harganya/ransel itu/buku itu?

A : It's 50.000 rupiahs.

J : Harganya 50.000 rupiah.

Q : How much are they/the backpack/the book?

J : Berapa harganya/ransel itu/buku itu?

A : They are 100.000 rupiahs.

J : Harganya 100.000 rupiah.

Q : How much does it/the backpack/the book?

J : Berapa harganya/ransel itu/buku itu?

A : It costs 50.000 rupiahs.

J : Harganya 50.000 rupiah.

Q : How much do they/the backpack/the book cost?

J : Berapa harganya/ransel itu/buku itu?

A : They cost 100.000 rupiahs.

J : Harganya 100.000 rupiah.

Passive Voice 🔗

We use the passive voice when the action is more important than the person doing it or We don’t know who performed the action.

Kita menggunakan kalimat pasif ketika tindakan tersebut lebih penting daripada orang yang melakukannya atau kita tidak tahu siapa yang melakukan tindakan tersebut.

Passive form

To be + past participle (V3).

Example

Active Student volunteers run it.

Aktif mahasiswa relawan yang menjalankannya.

Passive It is run by student volunteers.

Pasif dijalankan oleh mahasiswa relawan.

To focus on the object rather than the subject.

Untuk berfokus pada objek, bukan pada subjek.

The charity shop is run by student volunteers.

Toko amal tersebut dikelola oleh mahasiswa relawan.

(Focus on charity shop, not volunteers.)

(Fokus pada toko amal, bukan relawan.)

When the subject is unknown or unnecessary.

Ketika subjek tidak diketahui atau tidak diperlukan.

The charity shop is not permitted to sell illegal items.

Toko amal tidak diizinkan untuk menjual barang ilegal.

(Who does not permit is not important.)

(Siapa yang tidak mengizinkan tidak penting.)

Bazaar

Bottle cap

Cardboard

Charity

Circular

Colorful

Cutlery

Decoration

Design

Discount

Donation

Elastic

Function

Glue

Lantern

Material

Pameran

Tutup botol

Kardus

Amal

Melingkar

Berwarna-warni

Peralatan makan

Dekorasi

Desain

Diskon

Donasi

Karet elastis

Fungsi

Lem

Lentera

Materi / Bahan

Painted

Paper

Pipes

Plastic

Preloved

Price

Recycle

Round

Sale

Second-hand

Shape

Size

Stationery

Straw

Triangular

Used materials

Volunteer

Dicat

Kertas

Pipa

Plastik

Bekas (pakai)

Harga

Daur ulang

Bulat

Penjualan

Bekas

Bentuk

Ukuran

Alat tulis

Sedotan

Segitiga

Barang bekas

Relawan

Listening for Shopping Talk

Listen to the dialogue between a customer and a shopkeeper.

Complete the table with the item, price, and material.

Descriptive Text Analysis

Read the text A Recycled Bottle Lamp.

Identify the adjectives used to describe the item and answer the following questions.

A Recycled Bottle Lamp

This beautiful recycled lamp is made from an old plastic bottle and a handful of colorful beads. The bottle was carefully cleaned and cut into a neat shape. Around the body of the lamp, soft yellow paper is wrapped to create a warm glow when the light is turned on.

The top of the bottle is decorated with shiny, green beads and a piece of woven coconut fiber rope, giving it a unique and natural touch. The lamp is lightweight, portable, and safe to use. It can be placed on a desk, used as a night lamp, or even as decoration for special events.

This creative item not only helps reduce plastic waste but also adds charm to any room. Its eco-friendly design shows how trash can be turned into something useful and attractive.

Questions :

What adjectives are used to describe the item?
What materials are mentioned in the text?
What specific functions does the item serve?
How is the item visually described?
What is the overall impression of the item based on the description?

Show & Tell

Bring or choose an object around you.

Describe it by answering these questions :

– What is it made of ?

– What is it used for ?

– Is it common or unique ?

Example

Object: Water Bottle

– What is it made of?

– Terbuat dari apa?

– What is it used for?

– Untuk apa botol itu digunakan?

– Is it common or unique?

– Apakah botol itu umum atau unik?

Example

Object: Water Bottle

It is made of plastic.

Terbuat dari plastik.

It is used to carry and drink water.

Digunakan untuk membawa dan minum air.

It is common. Many people use water bottles every day.

Hal ini umum. Banyak orang menggunakan botol air setiap hari.

Descriptive Writing

Make something using recycled materials.

Write a short paragraph (5–7 sentences) to describe it.

Use these questions to help you :

– What is the name of your object?

– What is it made from?

– What does it look like (size, shape, color)?

– What is it used for?

– How did you make it?

– Why is recycling or upcycling important?

Example

I made a pencil holder using recycled materials. It is made from an empty tin can, some old newspapers, and leftover paint. The pencil holder is medium-sized, round, and painted blue with a few newspaper designs on it. It is used to keep pens, pencils, and markers organized on my study table. I made it by washing the can, wrapping it with newspaper, and painting over it to make it look colorful. Recycling and upcycling are important because they help reduce waste and protect the environment.

Saya membuat tempat pensil menggunakan bahan daur ulang. Tempat pensil ini terbuat dari kaleng kosong, beberapa koran bekas, dan sisa cat. Tempat pensil ini berukuran sedang, berbentuk bulat, dan dicat biru dengan beberapa desain koran di atasnya. Tempat pensil ini digunakan untuk menyimpan pulpen, pensil, dan spidol agar tetap teratur di meja belajar saya. Saya membuatnya dengan cara mencuci kaleng, membungkusnya dengan koran, dan mengecatnya agar tampak berwarna-warni. Daur ulang dan peningkatan kualitas penting karena dapat membantu mengurangi sampah dan melindungi lingkungan.