Chapter 1. Exploring Fauna of Indonesia

Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to:

Setelah menyelesaikan bab ini, kamu diharapkan dapat:

Talk about an animal native to Indonesian wildlife.

Bicarakan tentang hewan asli satwa liar Indonesia.

Identify specific information about Indonesian wildlife.

Identifikasi informasi spesifik tentang satwa liar Indonesia.

Describe characteristics and features of an animal.

Uraikan karakteristik dan ciri-ciri hewan.

Listening for Details

Listen to Audio about the Bekantan. Fill in the blanks in the sentences below:

Fill in the blanks !

Bekantan is also known as the ___________________ monkey.

The scientific name of Bekantan is ___________________.

Bekantan is native to ___________________, especially in Kalimantan.

Male Bekantan have a long ___________________ that helps attract females.

They have a ___________________ brown coat and a long ___________________.

Bekantans are good ___________________ and have partially ___________________ feet.

Their diet includes young ___________________, ___________________, and ___________________.

Bekantan helps spread ___________________ in the mangrove forest.

One threat to Bekantan is ___________________ and land conversion.

Conservation efforts include the creation of ___________________.

Transcript

Bekantan, the Long-Nosed Monkey

Bekantan, also known as the proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus), is a unique primate native to Indonesia, particularly in the mangrove forests and riverbanks of Kalimantan (Borneo). This monkey is easily recognized by its long, distinctive nose, especially in males. Scientists believe that the large nose helps amplify their calls and attract females. Bekantan also has a reddish-brown coat and a long tail, which helps them balance while moving through the trees.

These monkeys are excellent swimmers and are often seen leaping into rivers to escape predators. They have partially webbed feet, which help them swim efficiently. Their diet mainly consists of young leaves, fruits, and seeds. Bekantan plays an important role in the ecosystem by spreading seeds and maintaining the health of the mangrove forests.

Unfortunately, the Bekantan population is declining due to habitat destruction caused by deforestation and land conversion. Conservation efforts are being made to protect them, including the establishment of wildlife reserves.

Indonesia is home to many other unique and endangered animals, such as orangutans, Komodo dragons, Sumatran tigers, Javan rhinos, and anoas. These animals are important parts of Indonesia’s rich biodiversity and need protection to ensure their survival.

Arboreal

Bamboo shoots

Behavior

Binoculars

Branch

Branches

Brown

Casque

Conservation

Consume

Deforestation

Destruction

Disappear

Endangered

Feather

Featherless patch

Fig

Forest

Go down

Graying black

Habitat

Habitat loss

Height

Illegal hunting

Intelligence

Interesting

Keratin

Limbs

Lychee

Mangosteen

Mangrove

Mammal

Membrane

Monkey

Hidup di pohon

Tunas bambu, rebung

Perilaku

Teropong

Dahan

Dahan pohon

Coklat

Helm

Konservasi

Mengonsumsi

Penggundulan hutan

Perusakan

Menghilang, Punah

Terancam punah

Bulu

Area kulit tak berbulu

Buah ara

Hutan

Turun

Hitam keabu-abuan

Habitat

Kerusakan habitat

Tinggi badan

Perburuan liar

Kecerdasan

Menarik

Keratin

Tangan dan kaki

Leci

Manggis

Hutan mangrove

Mamalia

Selaput

Monyet

Native (to)

Neck

Nest

Nostril

Omnivore

Pardon

Poaching

Predator

Primate

Rain forest

Reddish-brown

Reptile

Scientific name

Seed

Shoot

Species

Specifically

Strong

Tail

Threatened

Unique

Up to

Berasal/khas (dari)

Leher

Sarang

Lubang hidung

Pemakan segala

Maaf (mohon diulangi)

Perburuan liar

Pemangsa

Hewan primata

Hutan hujan tropis

Coklat kemerahan

Reptil

Nama ilmiah

Biji

Tunas

Spesies

Terutama

Kuat

Ekor

Terancam

Unik

Hingga

Describing Animals

When we describe animals, we often talk about how they look, where they live, what they eat, and what they can do. We want to give a clear picture of the animal so others can imagine it easily.

Saat kita mendeskripsikan hewan, kita sering berbicara tentang bagaimana rupa mereka, tempat tinggal mereka, apa yang mereka makan, dan apa yang dapat mereka lakukan. Kita ingin memberikan gambaran yang jelas tentang hewan tersebut sehingga orang lain dapat membayangkannya dengan mudah.

Noun

A noun can stand alone or be given additional details to make it more specific.

Kata benda dapat berdiri sendiri atau diberi rincian tambahan untuk membuatnya lebih spesifik.

Example

A monkey (just a noun)

Seekor monyet (hanya kata benda)

A big monkey (adding size)

Seekor monyet besar (menambahkan ukuran)

A big, long-nosed monkey (adding more details)

Seekor monyet besar berhidung panjang (menambahkan lebih banyak detail)

A big, long-nosed, reddish-brown monkey (even more details!)

Seekor monyet besar berhidung panjang, berwarna cokelat kemerahan (bahkan lebih banyak detail!)

Adjective

Adjectives provide extra information about a noun. In English, adjectives always come before the noun.

Kata sifat memberikan informasi tambahan tentang kata benda. Dalam bahasa Inggris, kata sifat selalu muncul sebelum kata benda.

Example

The two big, long-nosed, hairy monkeys are climbing the trees.

Dua monyet besar, berhidung panjang, dan berbulu sedang memanjat pohon.

A strong, large, black gorilla is eating bamboo.

Seekor gorila hitam yang kuat dan besar sedang memakan bambu.

That big, tall, grayish-black mammal is called an elephant.

Mamalia besar, tinggi, dan berwarna hitam keabu-abuan itu disebut gajah.

Orangutans are large, reddish-orange primates known for their intelligence.

Orangutan adalah primata besar berwarna jingga kemerahan yang dikenal karena kecerdasannya.

The female Helmeted Hornbill has a bluish-white patch on its neck.

Burung Rangkong Gading betina memiliki bercak putih kebiruan di lehernya.

Komodo dragons are the largest lizards on Earth.

Komodo adalah kadal terbesar di Bumi.

When describing an animal, it often talks about its body parts.

Saat mendeskripsikan seekor binatang, sering kali dibicarakan tentang bagian-bagian tubuhnya.

We can do this in two ways :

Using has or have

Use has for singular nouns.

Gunakan has untuk kata benda tunggal.

Use have for plural nouns.

Gunakan have untuk kata benda jamak.

Singular

A Gorilla has black fur.

Gorila memiliki bulu hitam.

An orangutan has black eyes.

Orangutan memiliki mata hitam.

Plural

Gorillas have strong bodies.

Gorila memiliki tubuh yang kuat.

Orangutans and gorillas have long arms.

Orangutan dan gorila memiliki lengan yang panjang.

Using Possessive Adjectives

For singular nouns, add 's

Untuk kata benda tunggal, tambahkan 's

A gorilla’s fur is black.

Bulu gorila berwarna hitam.

For plural nouns ending in s, just add '

Untuk kata benda jamak yang berakhiran s, cukup tambahkan '

Orangutans’ legs are long.

Kaki orangutan panjang.

Sentence with has/have

A Gorilla has black fur.

Gorila memiliki bulu hitam.

Orangutans have long legs.

Orangutan memiliki kaki yang panjang.

Sentence with Possessive Form

A gorilla's fur is black.

Bulu gorila berwarna hitam.

Orangutans' legs are long.

Kaki orangutan panjang.

*We can also use possessive adjectives :

Its fur is black. (for one animal)

Bulunya hitam. (untuk satu hewan)

Their legs are long. (for two or more animals)

Kakinya panjang. (untuk dua hewan atau lebih)

Passive Voice 🔗

When we talk about facts or events, we sometimes want to emphasize the action rather than who is doing the action. It means that the action is more important than the doer. We use passive voice to show interest in the person or object that experiences an action.

Ketika kita berbicara tentang fakta atau peristiwa, terkadang kita ingin menekankan tindakan daripada siapa yang melakukan tindakan tersebut. Artinya, tindakan lebih penting daripada pelakunya. Kita menggunakan kalimat pasif untuk menunjukkan minat pada orang atau objek yang mengalami suatu tindakan.

Active Voice

Passive Voice

Focus

Emphasizes who does the action (the subject)

Menekankan siapa yang melakukan tindakan (subjek)

Emphasizes the action or receiver of the action

Menekankan tindakan atau penerima tindakan

Usage

Common in everyday speech and storytelling

Umum dalam percakapan sehari-hari dan bercerita

Common in formal writing, reports, or when doer is unknown or unimportant

Umum dalam tulisan formal, laporan, atau ketika pelaku tidak diketahui atau tidak penting

Structure

Subject + Verb + Object

Object + is/are + Past Participle + (by + Subject)

Verb Form

Uses base or past form of verb

Menggunakan bentuk dasar atau bentuk lampau dari kata kerja

Uses past participle (V3) with is/are/was/were

Menggunakan past participle (V3) dengan is/are/was/were

Doer Importance

Doer (subject) is important

Pelaku (subjek) itu penting

Doer is less important or sometimes omitted

Pelaku kurang penting atau terkadang diabaikan

Example

Galang brings binoculars to the forest.

Galang membawa teropong ke hutan.

People threaten orangutans’ habitat.

Manusia mengancam habitat orangutan.

Binoculars are brought by Galang to the forest.

Teropong dibawa Galang ke hutan.

Orangutans’ habitat is threatened by people.

Habitat orangutan terancam oleh manusia.

Reading Comprehension on Fauna in Indonesia

Read the text Unique Fauna of Indonesia and answer the following questions based on the passage.

Exploring the Unique Fauna of Indonesia

Indonesia is home to many unique animals, including the Bekantan, Orangutan, and several bird species. These animals live in different habitats and face various challenges.

Bekantan, or Proboscis Monkey, is found in Borneo’s mangrove forests. It has a long nose, reddish-brown fur, and a long tail. Bekantan is an excellent swimmer and eats leaves, fruits, and seeds. However, its population is decreasing due to deforestation and habitat destruction.

Orangutans live in Sumatra and Borneo. They belong to the ape family and do not have tails. Orangutans have reddish-brown fur and spend most of their time in trees. They eat fruits, insects, and bird eggs. The biggest threats to orangutans are deforestation and illegal hunting.

Indonesia is also home to fascinating birds like the Helmeted Hornbill and Cendrawasih. The Helmeted Hornbill has a large beak with a casque made of keratin. It lives in rainforests and eats figs but is critically endangered due to poaching. The Cendrawasih, or Bird of Paradise, is famous for its colorful feathers and long tail. Males perform dances to attract females. However, habitat destruction and hunting threaten their survival.

Many Indonesian animals face dangers from habitat loss and human activities. Conservation efforts are necessary to protect them and their environments. By understanding their importance, we can help ensure their survival for future generations.

Questions:

What are the main differences between male and female orangutans?
What is the primary diet of orangutans?
Where do orangutans typically build their nests?
What are the main threats to orangutan populations?
How do orangutans contribute to their ecosystem?

Fact-Finding Mission

Read the article about the Cendrawasih, Bird of Paradise.

The Cendrawasih, Bird of Paradise

The Cendrawasih, also known as the Bird of Paradise, is one of the most unique and beautiful birds in the world. It is mostly found in the rainforests of Papua, Indonesia, and also in Papua New Guinea. These birds are a symbol of beauty and pride in many Papuan cultures.

The most well-known feature of the Cendrawasih is its colorful and elegant feathers, especially in male birds. Some have long, flowing tails, while others have fan-like or ribbon-shaped feathers. Their bright colors include yellow, green, blue, and red. These feathers are used by the males to attract females in beautiful courtship dances.

Cendrawasih birds usually eat fruits, such as figs, and sometimes small insects. They live high in the trees and rarely come down to the ground.

Unfortunately, the Cendrawasih faces several threats. These include deforestation, which destroys their natural habitat, and illegal hunting for their beautiful feathers. Because of these problems, some species of the Bird of Paradise are now listed as Near Threatened or Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List.

Conservation efforts are being made to protect the Cendrawasih and its forest home. Many local communities are also working to educate others about the importance of keeping these birds safe in the wild.

Fill in the table below with the information you gather from the passage.