Upon completion of this chapter, you should be able to:
Setelah menyelesaikan bab ini, kamu diharapkan dapat:
Talk about an animal native to Indonesian wildlife.
Membicarakan tentang hewan asli satwa liar Indonesia.
Identify specific information about Indonesian wildlife.
Mengidentifikasi informasi spesifik tentang satwa liar Indonesia.
Describe characteristics and features of an animal.
Menguraikan karakteristik dan ciri-ciri hewan.
Describing Animals
When we describe animals, we often talk about how they look, where they live, what they eat, and what they can do. We want to give a clear picture of the animal so others can imagine it easily.
Saat kita mendeskripsikan hewan, kita sering berbicara tentang bagaimana rupa mereka, tempat tinggal mereka, apa yang mereka makan, dan apa yang dapat mereka lakukan. Kita ingin memberikan gambaran yang jelas tentang hewan tersebut sehingga orang lain dapat membayangkannya dengan mudah.
Noun
A noun can stand alone or be given additional details to make it more specific.
Kata benda dapat berdiri sendiri atau diberi rincian tambahan untuk membuatnya lebih spesifik.
Example
A monkey (just a noun)
Seekor monyet (hanya kata benda)
A big monkey (adding size)
Seekor monyet besar (menambahkan ukuran)
A big, long-nosed monkey (adding more details)
Seekor monyet besar berhidung panjang (menambahkan lebih banyak detail)
A big, long-nosed, reddish-brown monkey (even more details!)
Seekor monyet besar berhidung panjang, berwarna cokelat kemerahan (bahkan lebih banyak detail!)
Adjective
Adjectives provide extra information about a noun. In English, adjectives always come before the noun.
Kata sifat memberikan informasi tambahan tentang kata benda. Dalam bahasa Inggris, kata sifat selalu muncul sebelum kata benda.
Example
The two big, long-nosed, hairy monkeys are climbing the trees.
Dua monyet besar, berhidung panjang, dan berbulu sedang memanjat pohon.
A strong, large, black gorilla is eating bamboo.
Seekor gorila hitam yang kuat dan besar sedang memakan bambu.
That big, tall, grayish-black mammal is called an elephant.
Mamalia besar, tinggi, dan berwarna hitam keabu-abuan itu disebut gajah.
Orangutans are large, reddish-orange primates known for their intelligence.
Orangutan adalah primata besar berwarna jingga kemerahan yang dikenal karena kecerdasannya.
The female Helmeted Hornbill has a bluish-white patch on its neck.
Burung Rangkong Gading betina memiliki bercak putih kebiruan di lehernya.
Komodo dragons are the largest lizards on Earth.
Komodo adalah kadal terbesar di Bumi.
When describing an animal, it often talks about its body parts.
Saat mendeskripsikan seekor binatang, sering kali dibicarakan tentang bagian-bagian tubuhnya.
We can do this in two ways :
Using has or have
Use has for singular nouns.
Gunakan has untuk kata benda tunggal.
Use have for plural nouns.
Gunakan have untuk kata benda jamak.
Singular
A Gorilla has black fur.
Gorila memiliki bulu hitam.
An orangutan has black eyes.
Orangutan memiliki mata hitam.
Plural
Gorillas have strong bodies.
Gorila memiliki tubuh yang kuat.
Orangutans and gorillas have long arms.
Orangutan dan gorila memiliki lengan yang panjang.
Using Possessive Adjectives
For singular nouns, add 's
Untuk kata benda tunggal, tambahkan 's
A gorilla’s fur is black.
Bulu gorila berwarna hitam.
For plural nouns ending in s, just add '
Untuk kata benda jamak yang berakhiran s, cukup tambahkan '
Orangutans’ legs are long.
Kaki orangutan panjang.
Sentence with has/have
A Gorilla has black fur.
Gorila memiliki bulu hitam.
Orangutans have long legs.
Orangutan memiliki kaki yang panjang.
Sentence with Possessive Form
A gorilla's fur is black.
Bulu gorila berwarna hitam.
Orangutans' legs are long.
Kaki orangutan panjang.
*We can also use possessive adjectives :
Its fur is black. (for one animal)
Bulunya hitam. (untuk satu hewan)
Their legs are long. (for two or more animals)
Kakinya panjang. (untuk dua hewan atau lebih)
Passive Voice 🔗
When we talk about facts or events, we sometimes want to emphasize the action rather than who is doing the action. It means that the action is more important than the doer. We use passive voice to show interest in the person or object that experiences an action.
Ketika kita berbicara tentang fakta atau peristiwa, terkadang kita ingin menekankan tindakan daripada siapa yang melakukan tindakan tersebut. Artinya, tindakan lebih penting daripada pelakunya. Kita menggunakan kalimat pasif untuk menunjukkan minat pada orang atau objek yang mengalami suatu tindakan.
Active Voice
Passive Voice
Focus
Emphasizes who does the action (the subject)
Menekankan siapa yang melakukan tindakan (subjek)
Emphasizes the action or receiver of the action
Menekankan tindakan atau penerima tindakan
Usage
Common in everyday speech and storytelling
Umum dalam percakapan sehari-hari dan bercerita
Common in formal writing, reports, or when doer is unknown or unimportant
Umum dalam tulisan formal, laporan, atau ketika pelaku tidak diketahui atau tidak penting
Structure
Subject + Verb + Object
Object + is/are + Past Participle + (by + Subject)
Verb Form
Uses base or past form of verb
Menggunakan bentuk dasar atau bentuk lampau dari kata kerja
Uses past participle (V3) with is/are/was/were
Menggunakan past participle (V3) dengan is/are/was/were
Doer Importance
Doer (subject) is important
Pelaku (subjek) itu penting
Doer is less important or sometimes omitted
Pelaku kurang penting atau terkadang diabaikan
Example
Galang brings binoculars to the forest.
Galang membawa teropong ke hutan.
People threaten orangutans’ habitat.
Manusia mengancam habitat orangutan.
Binoculars are brought by Galang to the forest.
Teropong dibawa Galang ke hutan.
Orangutans’ habitat is threatened by people.
Habitat orangutan terancam oleh manusia.
Arboreal
Bamboo shoots
Behavior
Binoculars
Branch
Branches
Brown
Casque
Conservation
Consume
Deforestation
Destruction
Disappear
Endangered
Feather
Featherless patch
Fig
Forest
Go down
Graying black
Habitat
Habitat loss
Height
Illegal hunting
Intelligence
Interesting
Keratin
Limbs
Lychee
Mangosteen
Mangrove
Mammal
Membrane
Monkey
Hidup di pohon
Tunas bambu, rebung
Perilaku
Teropong
Dahan
Dahan pohon
Coklat
Helm
Konservasi
Mengonsumsi
Penggundulan hutan
Perusakan
Menghilang, Punah
Terancam punah
Bulu
Area kulit tak berbulu
Buah ara
Hutan
Turun
Hitam keabu-abuan
Habitat
Kerusakan habitat
Tinggi badan
Perburuan liar
Kecerdasan
Menarik
Keratin
Tangan dan kaki
Leci
Manggis
Hutan mangrove
Mamalia
Selaput
Monyet
Native (to)
Neck
Nest
Nostril
Omnivore
Pardon
Poaching
Predator
Primate
Rain forest
Reddish-brown
Reptile
Scientific name
Seed
Shoot
Species
Specifically
Strong
Tail
Threatened
Unique
Up to
Berasal/khas (dari)
Leher
Sarang
Lubang hidung
Pemakan segala
Maaf (mohon diulangi)
Perburuan liar
Pemangsa
Hewan primata
Hutan hujan tropis
Coklat kemerahan
Reptil
Nama ilmiah
Biji
Tunas
Spesies
Terutama
Kuat
Ekor
Terancam
Unik
Hingga
Listening for Indonesian Animals
Listen to the descriptions of four Indonesian animals.
Match each audio with the correct animal name and picture.
Javan Hawk-Eagle
Orangutan
Sumatran Tiger
Komodo Dragon
Reading Fact-Finding Mission
Read the text Exploring the Unique Fauna of Indonesia.
Exploring the Unique Fauna of Indonesia
Indonesia is home to many unique animals, such as the Bekantan, Orangutan, and special bird species like the Helmeted Hornbill and Cendrawasih. These animals live in different places and face many challenges.
The Bekantan, or Proboscis Monkey, lives in the mangrove forests of Borneo. It has a long nose, reddish-brown fur, and a long tail. It is a good swimmer and eats leaves, fruits, and seeds. But its number is going down because of deforestation and habitat destruction.
Orangutans live in Sumatra and Borneo. They are apes and don’t have tails. They have reddish-brown fur and spend most of their time in trees. They eat fruits, insects, and bird eggs. The main problems for orangutans are deforestation and illegal hunting.
Indonesia also has amazing birds like the Helmeted Hornbill and Cendrawasih.
The Helmeted Hornbill lives in the rainforest and has a large beak with a hard casque made of keratin. It eats figs, but is critically endangered because of poaching.
The Cendrawasih, or Bird of Paradise, is known for its colorful feathers and long tail. Male birds dance to attract females. It is in danger because of habitat destruction and hunting.
Many Indonesian animals are in danger because of human activities and habitat loss. We must help protect their homes and save them for the future.
Fill in the table below with the information you gather from the passage.
Guess the Animal
Describe an animal without saying its name.
Your classmates must guess.
Example
It’s very large. It lives on Komodo Island. It eats meat. It has rough skin and a long tail.
Hewan ini sangat besar. Hewan ini hidup di Pulau Komodo. Hewan ini memakan daging. Hewan ini berkulit kasar dan berekor panjang.
Research Report
Choose an Indonesian animal.
Write a short research report that includes :
– Common and scientific name.
– Description of physical characteristics.
– Habitat and geographical distribution.
– Diet and feeding habits.
– Conservation status and threats.
Example
1. Common and Scientific Name
-
2. Physical Characteristics
3. Habitat and Location
4. Diet
5. Conservation Status and Threats
Example
Common name : Javan Rhino
Scientific name : Rhinoceros sondaicus
The Javan rhino has thick grey-brown skin with folds that look like armor. It has only one small horn. It is a large animal, about 2 to 4 meters long, and can weigh up to 2,300 kilograms.
Badak Jawa memiliki kulit tebal berwarna abu-abu kecokelatan dengan lipatan yang tampak seperti baju besi. Ia hanya memiliki satu tanduk kecil. Ia adalah hewan besar, panjangnya sekitar 2 hingga 4 meter, dan beratnya dapat mencapai 2.300 kilogram.
Javan rhinos live in the rainforest. Today, they can only be found in Ujung Kulon National Park in West Java, Indonesia.
Badak Jawa hidup di hutan hujan. Saat ini, mereka hanya dapat ditemukan di Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon di Jawa Barat, Indonesia.
Javan rhinos are plant-eaters. They eat leaves, small branches, fruits, and shoots. They like to eat in the morning and evening.
Badak Jawa adalah pemakan tumbuhan. Mereka memakan daun, ranting kecil, buah, dan tunas. Mereka suka makan di pagi dan sore hari.
The Javan rhino is Critically Endangered.
Badak Jawa Sangat Terancam Punah.
There are less than 80 left in the wild.
Hanya tersisa kurang dari 80 ekor di alam liar.
The main dangers are:
Badak Jawa memiliki ancaman utama:
– Loss of habitat
– Hilangnya habitat
– Natural disasters
– Bencana alam
– Small number of rhinos left
– Jumlah badak yang tersisa sedikit
Animal Presentation
Present your short spoken presentation about your chosen animal in front of the class.
Use the text you have written in your research report as the basis of your presentation.
You may bring your written text, but try to speak naturally and confidently.
Follow these steps :
– Organize your presentation based on the five parts of your written report.
– Practice speaking clearly and confidently for 2–3 minutes.
– Do not read word-for-word from your writing—try to speak naturally using your own words.
– Use good pronunciation, expression, and body language.
– Optional: Show a picture of the animal while you speak.
